{
  "contractVersion": 1,
  "section": "migrationStats",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-04T11:11:03.287Z",
  "licence": {
    "name": "Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated",
    "url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
    "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where the named source states otherwise."
  },
  "source": {
    "status": "ok",
    "cacheState": "fresh",
    "fetchedAt": "2026-08-06T17:34:29.015Z",
    "source": "Long-term international migration, provisional bulletin + Long-term immigration, emigration and net migration dataset",
    "provenance": {
      "registryVersion": "2026-08-02.1",
      "section": "migrationStats",
      "title": "Long-term international migration",
      "evidenceClass": "official-data",
      "geography": "United Kingdom",
      "retrieval": "scheduled-publication-check",
      "refreshCadence": "daily",
      "publicationCadence": "periodic",
      "operationalStatus": "active",
      "publicationRequirement": "required",
      "upstreams": [
        {
          "publisher": "Office for National Statistics",
          "label": "Long-term international migration, provisional bulletin",
          "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingdecember2025",
          "sourceClass": "official-primary",
          "caveat": "The Worker discovers the current edition from the rolling dataset page before retrieving the bulletin; this URL records the edition verified on 14 July 2026."
        },
        {
          "publisher": "Office for National Statistics",
          "label": "Long-term immigration, emigration and net migration dataset",
          "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/longterminternationalimmigrationemigrationandnetmigrationflowsprovisional",
          "sourceClass": "official-primary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "data": {
    "headline": {
      "period": "YE December 2025",
      "observedAt": 1767139200000,
      "releaseDate": "2026-05-21",
      "netMigration": 171000,
      "immigration": 813000,
      "emigration": 642000,
      "previousPeriod": "YE December 2024",
      "previousNetMigration": 331000,
      "changePercent": -48,
      "provisional": true
    },
    "comparison": [
      {
        "period": "YE December 2024",
        "netMigration": 331000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2025",
        "netMigration": 171000
      }
    ],
    "methodology": {
      "definition": "People moving to or from the UK for 12 months or more",
      "status": "Official statistics in development",
      "revisionNote": "The newest estimates are provisional for a year and earlier periods may be revised when methods or source data improve."
    },
    "source": {
      "edition": "yearendingdecember2025",
      "bulletinUrl": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingdecember2025",
      "datasetUrl": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/longterminternationalimmigrationemigrationandnetmigrationflowsprovisional",
      "historyUrl": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc3538/fig02/data.csv"
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "period": "YE December 2016",
        "observedAt": 1483142400000,
        "immigration": 772000,
        "emigration": 523000,
        "netMigration": 249000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2017",
        "observedAt": 1514678400000,
        "immigration": 752000,
        "emigration": 544000,
        "netMigration": 208000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2018",
        "observedAt": 1546214400000,
        "immigration": 825000,
        "emigration": 549000,
        "netMigration": 276000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2019",
        "observedAt": 1577750400000,
        "immigration": 788000,
        "emigration": 605000,
        "netMigration": 184000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2020",
        "observedAt": 1609372800000,
        "immigration": 662000,
        "emigration": 569000,
        "netMigration": 93000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2021",
        "observedAt": 1640908800000,
        "immigration": 947000,
        "emigration": 480000,
        "netMigration": 467000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2022",
        "observedAt": 1672444800000,
        "immigration": 1398000,
        "emigration": 508000,
        "netMigration": 891000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2023",
        "observedAt": 1703980800000,
        "immigration": 1441000,
        "emigration": 593000,
        "netMigration": 848000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2024",
        "observedAt": 1735603200000,
        "immigration": 1012000,
        "emigration": 680000,
        "netMigration": 331000
      },
      {
        "period": "YE December 2025",
        "observedAt": 1767139200000,
        "immigration": 813000,
        "emigration": 642000,
        "netMigration": 171000
      }
    ],
    "annualDelta": {
      "immigration": -199000,
      "emigration": -38000,
      "netMigration": -160000
    },
    "__observation": {
      "status": "current",
      "period": "YE December 2025",
      "observedAt": "2025-12-31T00:00:00.000Z",
      "checkedAt": "2026-08-06T17:34:29.015Z",
      "maxAgeDays": 220
    },
    "__provenance": {
      "registryVersion": "2026-08-02.1",
      "section": "migrationStats",
      "title": "Long-term international migration",
      "evidenceClass": "official-data",
      "geography": "United Kingdom",
      "retrieval": "scheduled-publication-check",
      "refreshCadence": "daily",
      "publicationCadence": "periodic",
      "operationalStatus": "active",
      "publicationRequirement": "required",
      "upstreams": [
        {
          "publisher": "Office for National Statistics",
          "label": "Long-term international migration, provisional bulletin",
          "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingdecember2025",
          "sourceClass": "official-primary",
          "caveat": "The Worker discovers the current edition from the rolling dataset page before retrieving the bulletin; this URL records the edition verified on 14 July 2026."
        },
        {
          "publisher": "Office for National Statistics",
          "label": "Long-term immigration, emigration and net migration dataset",
          "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/longterminternationalimmigrationemigrationandnetmigrationflowsprovisional",
          "sourceClass": "official-primary"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}